These early attempts for rating PBI using pictures and visual images have failed to produce realistic images and often lacked body stimuli with realistic weight manipulations. For instance, a study by Madrigal et al., (2000) incorporated both perceived body image (PBI) and measured BMI, reporting that there has been an underestimation of BMI through PBI, thus demonstrating that when participants use visual impressions, they often lead to a false sense of weight status. Ĭonversely, research suggests there is a significant under diagnosis for female athletes being overweight and underweight. Although other methods are viewed as more accurate, especially in athletes, BMI is universally viewed as an attractive objective measure that provides a range of benefits over other anthropometric methods, as it is inexpensive and quick. By detecting a participant’s actual BMI, it allows the researcher to determine, using the BMI Healthy Weight Calculator, which category the participant is classified into (ranging from underweight to morbidly obese). One method of establishing a participant’s body perspective is to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Thus, there is a need for increased research and knowledge to understand further depth around body dissatisfaction levels. As such, female athletes face the highest risk of developing conditions such as anorexia due to sociocultural and sport-specific pressure to change their weight, body and appearance and feel more satisfied with the way they look. Cash et al., (2004) perceive the pressures of body image as demoralising, especially within the female sporting environment, particularly when they are particularly prone to body image distortion and eating disorders. For instance, the prevalence of negative body image has been found to be higher among female athletes, where Nerini (2015) claimed that there is increasing pressure on a female athlete to be thinner. Literature surrounding body image body composition and BMI has identified that two thirds of adults in the UK suffer from negative body image. Body image has therefore been regarded as an incredibly complex issue that can be influenced by parents, peers, society and the media as it has such an impact on the way we see ourselves and others. It is the picture of an individuals’ body that they form within themselves, the evaluation of your body’s size, weight, shape and muscularity and the thoughts and feelings that are associated with this. Introductionīody image is based on an individual’s perception of one’s body, thoughts, and feelings about the way they look or feel in their body. Conclusion: Results indicated that perceived BMI was higher than the participants actual BMI and suggested that female athletes competing in football and rugby have a large amount of body dissatisfaction. A Paired Student t–test set at P < 0.05 suggested a significant difference between actual and perceived BMI ( P = 0.023), and a Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient test confirmed a strong correlation of r = 0.875. A Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was then used to test the strength of the correlation between the actual and perceived BMI. P value was set at < 0.05 and a Paired Student t-Test was used to test for the difference. A computer generated (Unity Player) 3D Avatar, with a visual slide from an underweight to average to obese continuum, was used to assess participants perceived BMI. Stretched stature (m) and body mass (kg) were taken and values used to calculate actual (kg/m²) and perceived BMI. Method: n =18 female participants between the ages of 18–23 years of age and competing in football and rugby at club and university level were recruited. Therefore, the main objective of this investigation is to determine the correlation between actual and perceived BMI using a 3D Avatar within female athletes. To portray more realistic statistically probable weight manipulations of a personalised stimuli, a 3D Avatar can be used to establish how female athletes perceive their body image. Research surrounding body image, body composition and body mass index (BMI) has shown that when participants use visual impressions, for perceived body image (PBI) they have failed to produce realistic images and often lacked body stimuli with realistic weight manipulations (Madrigal, 2000). Introduction: The pressures of body image can be considered as demoralising, especially within the female sporting environment, where female athletes often express the greatest number of negative thoughts and feelings towards their own body shape, appearance, and dissatisfaction.
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